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  RARE, DIMINUTIVE, CAMPAIGN PARADE FLAG WITH 13 STARS, MADE IN 1856 FOR JOHN FREMONT & WILLIAM DAYTON, ONE-OF-A-KIND AMONG KNOWN EXAMPLES. FREMONT OPENED THE GATEWAY TO CALIFORNIA STATEHOOD AND WAS THE REPUBLICAN PARTY'S FIRST PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE

Available: Sold
Frame Size (H x L): 9.25" x 13"
Flag Size (H x L): 3.5" x 7"
Description....:
RARE, DIMINUTIVE, CAMPAIGN PARADE FLAG WITH 13 STARS, MADE IN 1856 FOR JOHN FREMONT & WILLIAM DAYTON, ONE-OF-A-KIND AMONG KNOWN EXAMPLES. FREMONT OPENED THE GATEWAY TO CALIFORNIA STATEHOOD AND WAS THE REPUBLICAN PARTY'S FIRST PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE:

American national parade flag, made for the 1856 presidential campaign of John Fremont and William Dayton. Fremont holds the important distinction of being the nation's first Republican presidential candidate. The Republican Party had been formed in that very same year. It was an outgrowth of the Whig party, the Liberty Party, and the "Free-Soilers", which simultaneously evaporated, plus a portion of the American Party (the "Know-Nothings") that more vigorously opposed slavery. Former members of all these groups united in a common goal to impede the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the spread of slavery to new states.

This rare little campaign parade flag is unusual for several reasons. Chief among these is its size for the period in which it was made. At just 3.5" x 7", it holds the record for the smallest example that I have ever encountered that was produced before 1860. The flag is also interesting due to the choice to use 13 stars. This star count seems to have been preferred by Fremont, because other examples are known that share the feature, drawing a tie to the roots of America and our previous struggle for liberty and freedom.

A Brief History of John Fremont & William Dayton:

John Charles Fremont was born in Savannah, GA on January 21st, 1813. The illegitimate son of a poor, French refugee and a prominent Virginia society woman, Fremont improved his social status by marrying Jessie Benton, daughter of Thomas Hart Benton, a leading Democrat and slave-owner. Nicknamed "The Pathfinder", Fremont led expeditions in the west both prior to and during the Mexican War. He is credited as being the first Caucasian to view Lake Tahoe, and he made the determination that the Great Basin didn't open to the sea. During the Mexican War, he led a unit into California to defeat General Pico. In doing so, Fremont's men captured the Presidio and the surrounding area, and though Pico was in Los Angeles at the time, Pico realized that the war was effectively over and later surrendered.

Fremont proclaimed himself Military Governor of California in 1847, only to be brought up on charges of treason by a higher ranking Army officer, but pardoned by President Polk because of his contributions to the war. Fremont went on to become one of California's first two senators, and he became rich in the Gold Rush. In 1856, Fremont's popularity and hard stance on the abolition of slavery led him to become the youngest man to ever run for the White House, and the first to run on an anti-slavery ticket. He was defeated by James Buchanan because the slave states threatened to secede and the nation as a whole was not ready for the great separation that would follow.

Lincoln appointed Fremont major general in May of 1861 and placed him in charge of the Department of the West. He personally fronted a good deal of money for the war effort, but was removed from duty for insubordination due to his freewheeling approach to the seizure of secessionist property and the emancipation of slaves. Republican allies supporting Fremont caused Lincoln to reconsider and reappointed him in 1862 to the newly formed Mountain Department, but Fremont resigned a couple of months later because of further differences. He was generally unsuccessful as a military leader, suffering several major defeats. He did begin another presidential bid in 1864, siding with the Radical Republicans, but eventually he withdrew and supported Lincoln. Fremont became territorial governor of Arizona in the 1870's and died in New York City in 1890.

William Lewis Dayton was born in Basking Ridge, New Jersey in 1807. Dayton was an attorney and Judge who became a United States Senator representing New Jersey, serving the Whig Party in Congress from 1841 - 1851. He returned to law before being selected as the first Republican vice presidential candidate in 1856. After defeat, he served as New Jersey's Attorney General from 1857-1861. He was then appointed Minister to France, a post he served until his death in 1864.

Only two styles of Fremont flags are pictured in "Threads of History: Americana Recorded on Cloth, 1775 to the Present", by Herbert Ridgeway Collins, (1979, Smithsonian Press). This example is not recorded. Collins formerly served as Curator of Political History at the Smithsonian Institution and his text is widely agreed to be the best available reference for American political textiles.

Of further interest in the pre-war date itself, and the fact that John Fremont played an interesting role in the settling of California, which was the 31st state. California, entered the Union on September 9th, 1850, immediately following the Gold Rush. The 31 star flag was official from 1851-1858. Flags made prior to the Civil War are extremely rare, comprising less than one percent of 19th century flags that exist in the 21st century. This is partly because, prior to the Centennial, our flag was simply not used for most of the same purposes we employ it in today. Private individuals did not typically display the flag in their yards and on their porches. Parade flags did not often fly from carriages and horses. Places of business rarely hung flags in their windows. Use of the Stars and Stripes for these purposes began to rise swiftly during the patriotism that surrounded the Civil War, but civilian use of the flag was not widespread until 1876.

Even the military did not use the flag in a manner that most people might think. The primary purpose before the Civil War was to mark ships on the open seas. While the flag was used to mark some garrisons, the flags of ground troops were often limited to the flag of their own regiment and a Federal standard. Most people would be surprised to learn that the infantry wasn't authorized to carry the Stars & Stripes until 1837, and even then did not often exercise the right, because it was neither required nor customary. It was not until the Civil War took place that most U.S. ground forces even bothered to carry the national flag.

Construction: The flag is block-printed on coarse cotton. The black inked overprint is executed in three different fonts.

Mounting: The gilded molding dates to the period between 1840 and 1870 and is an excellent example with beautiful patina. The flag has been hand-stitched to 100% cotton twill, black in color. The black fabric was washed to remove excess dye. An acid-free agent was added to the wash to further set the dye and the fabric was heat-treated for the same purpose. Spacers keep the textile away from the glazing, which is U.V. protective glass.

Condition: There is very minor soiling and fading, accompanied by some light, black vertical stains in the white hoist area. The flag presents well and it rarity warrants practically any condition.
Collector Level: Flags for the truest Patriots. My best offerings
Flag Type: Parade flag
Star Count: 13
Earliest Date of Origin: 1856
Latest Date of Origin: 1856
State/Affiliation: 13 Original Colonies
War Association: 1777-1860 Pre-Civil War
Price: SOLD
 

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